Isi ifite ikibazo kinini cyamacupa ya plastike.Kubaho kwinyanja byabaye impungenge kwisi yose.Iremwa ryayo ryatangiye mu myaka ya 1800 igihe icupa rya pulasitike ryatekerejwe nkuburyo bwo gukomeza soda kandi icupa ubwaryo ryahisemo gukundwa.Inzira igira uruhare mu gukora icupa rya plastike ryatangiranye no guhuza imiti yubwoko bubiri bwa gaze na molekile ya peteroli izwi nka monomers.Ibyo bikoresho noneho byashonga hanyuma bigasubirwamo mubibumbano.Amacupa yahise yuzuzwa imashini.
Uyu munsi, ubwoko bwamacupa ya plastike ni PET.PET yoroheje kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mumacupa y'ibinyobwa.Iyo itunganijwe neza, itesha agaciro ubuziranenge kandi ishobora kurangira nkibisimbuza ibiti cyangwa fibre.Ababikora barashobora kongeramo plastiki yisugi kugirango bakomeze ubuziranenge bumwe.Mugihe PET ishobora gutunganywa, ibibi byayo ni uko ibikoresho bigoye kuyisukura.Mugihe gutunganya PET ari ngombwa kubidukikije, iyi plastike yabaye imwe mubikoreshwa cyane mumacupa.
Umusaruro wa PET ningufu nini ninzira itwara amazi.Iyi nzira isaba ibicanwa byinshi bya fosile, bigatuma iba ibintu byangiza cyane.Mu myaka ya za 70, Amerika niyo yohereje peteroli nyinshi ku isi.Uyu munsi, turi abanyamahanga benshi batumiza peteroli kwisi.Kandi 25% by'amacupa ya plastike dukoresha akozwe mumavuta.Kandi ibi ntibishobora no kubara ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutwara ayo macupa.
Ubundi bwoko bw'icupa rya plastike ni HDPE.HDPE nuburyo buhenze kandi busanzwe bwa plastiki.Itanga inzitizi nziza.Nubwo HDPE idafite BPA, ifatwa nkumutekano kandi ishobora gukoreshwa.Icupa rya HDPE naryo rirasobanutse kandi ryitanga muburyo bwa silike.Irakwiriye kubicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere 190 Fahrenheit ariko ntibikwiriye amavuta yingenzi.Aya macupa ya pulasitike agomba gukoreshwa mubiribwa nibintu bidashobora kwangirika, nkumutobe.
Amwe mumacupa yamazi azwi cyane arimo BPA, nuruvange rwubukorikori ruzwiho guhungabanya sisitemu ya endocrine.Ihungabanya imisemburo yumubiri kandi ifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa kanseri zitandukanye mubana.Kunywa amazi rero mumacupa ya plastike ntabwo byangiza ubuzima gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare mukubera icupa rya plastike ibidukikije.Niba ushishikajwe no kwirinda iyi miti yuburozi, menya neza ko uhitamo icupa ryamazi ridafite BPA nibindi byongera plastike.
Undi muti ukomeye wo kwanduza plastike nukugura amacupa yamazi yongeye gukoreshwa.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kugurisha amacupa yuzuye bishobora gutuma amacupa ya plastike agera kuri miliyari 7,6 atinjira mu nyanja buri mwaka.Guverinoma irashobora kandi kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika amacupa ya pulasitike ikoreshwa rimwe kugirango igabanye umwanda barekura mu nyanja.Urashobora kandi kuvugana nabashinzwe gufata ibyemezo hanyuma ukabamenyesha ko ushyigikiye ibikorwa kugirango ugabanye plastike imwe idakenewe.Urashobora kandi gutekereza kuba umunyamuryango wishyirahamwe ryibidukikije ryaho kugirango ugire uruhare muriyi mbaraga.
Inzira yo gukora icupa rya plastike ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi.Ubwa mbere, pelletike ya plastike yashyutswe muburyo bwo gutera inshinge.Umuyaga mwinshi cyane noneho uzunguza pelletike.Hanyuma, amacupa agomba gukonjeshwa ako kanya kugirango agumane imiterere.Ubundi buryo ni ukuzenguruka azote yuzuye cyangwa guhuha umwuka mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Ubu buryo bwemeza ko icupa rya plastike rihamye kandi ridatakaza imiterere.Iyo bimaze gukonja, icupa rya plastike rirashobora kuzuzwa.
Gusubiramo ni ngombwa, ariko amacupa menshi ya plastike ntabwo yongeye gukoreshwa.Nubwo ibigo bimwe na bimwe bitunganya ibicuruzwa byakira amacupa yatunganijwe, ibyinshi bikarangirira mumyanda cyangwa inyanja.Inyanja irimo ahantu hose hagati ya toni miliyoni 5 na 13 za plastiki buri mwaka.Ibiremwa byo mu nyanja byinjiza plastike ndetse bimwe muribi bigera no murwego rwibiryo.Amacupa ya plastike yagenewe kuba ikintu kimwe.Ariko, urashobora gushishikariza abandi gusubiramo no guhitamo uburyo bwakoreshwa kandi bushobora gukoreshwa aho.
Amacupa ya plastiki akozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye.Ibikoresho byinshi bisanzwe birimo PE, PP, na PC.Mubisanzwe, amacupa akozwe muri polyethylene aragaragara cyangwa adasobanutse.Polimeri zimwe zirasobanutse kurenza izindi.Nyamara, ibikoresho bimwe ntibisobanutse kandi birashobora gushonga.Ibi bivuze ko icupa rya plastiki rikozwe muri plastiki idasubirwamo akenshi usanga bihenze kuruta iyakozwe mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza.Nyamara, inyungu zo gutunganya plastike zifite agaciro kinyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-07-2022